South Caucasus

As a result of tensions between Azerbaijan and Armenia over the status of Nagorno-Karabakh, intermittent conflict has broken out between the states since 1988 with varying degrees of intensity. 

An outbreak of fighting in 2020 ended with an agreement brokered by Russia, but there was renewed fighting in 2022. In September 2023, Azerbaijan conducted a military offensive that brought to an end more than three decades of de facto self-governance for the Armenian population living in Nagorno-Karabakh and resulted in a massive exodus of its population. 

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